More information: Masaki Maekawa et al, Propensity score matching as an effective strategy for biomarker cohort design and omics data analysis, PLOS ONE (2024).

Using the largest center as the discovery cohort, we generated propensity score matching (PSM). A predictive model for overall survival (OS) was identified, and a predictive risk score was developed ...

There is a large theoretical literature on methods for estimating causal effects under unconfoundedness, exogeneity, or selection-on-observables type assumptions using matching or propensity score ...

We show that propensity score matching (PSM), an enormously popular method of preprocessing data for causal inference, often accomplishes the opposite of its intended goal—thus increasing imbalance, ...