Pre- and post-exercise flow-volume loops are often recommended as an easy non-invasive method for diagnosing or excluding exercise-induced laryngeal obstructions in patients with exercise-related ...

This application note provides an introduction to spirometers and their basic functions. It discusses both laboratory units and portable devices for point-of-care testing, and offers guidance on ...

Animal models are required to study mechanisms of early cardiovascular development. The chick embryo has been used as a model for many decades because the embryonic chick heart resembles the ...