The upper limb exhibits a remarkable degree of anatomical variation in muscle morphology, impacting both clinical management and surgical approaches. Variations such as ectopic insertions and ...

A review of instruments used to assess upper-limb function in patients with neuromuscular diseases found that more tools are needed to address specific diseases. In most neuromuscular diseases (NMDs), ...

The concern with the cervical herniated disk and the popular whiplash injury as a source of pain in the upper extremity may exclude consideration of a more distal origin of such pain. It is the ...

Human movement is reciprocal in nature: Opposing muscle groups must coordinate for proper movement. Muscle length and strength between opposing muscle groups need to be in balance for normal movement ...