Refractory gold ores present significant challenges to conventional extraction methods. In these ores, gold is tightly encapsulated within sulphide minerals or locked by carbonaceous matter, thereby ...

Since the modern gold rushes of the 1970s and 1980s, gold has been one of Australia's major exports. Australia is the second-largest gold producer globally behind China and holds the second largest ...

In the Philippines, as in many places across the globe, mercury has long been central to how small-scale gold miners earn their living. Used as an easy way to separate gold from other minerals they ...

Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia. Windarra comprises the Windarra gold tailings mineral resource contained within the North and South tailings dams and the Lancefield gold tailings mineral ...

Across Africa, from Mali to Tanzania to Zimbabwe, millions of people, including children, work in small gold mines. Artisanal and small-scale gold mining is a vital source of income, but it is also ...